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Background Ixodid ticks from the Northern Hemisphere have registered a northward expansion in recent years, and  Dermacentor reticulatus  is such an example in Europe, its expansion being considered a result of climate change alongside other factors. The aim of this study was to identify the composition of questing tick species and the associated pathogens at different sites near the German Baltic coast. Methods Questing ticks were collected monthly at four sites (May–November, 2020), mainly grasslands, and in October and November 2020 at a fifth site. Molecular screening of ticks for pathogens included RT-qPCR for the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), qPCR for  Anaplasma phagocytophilum,  PCR for  Babesia  species and  Rickettsia  species, and nested PCR for  Borrelia  species. Results Altogether 1174 questing ticks were collected: 760  Ixodes ricinus , 326  D. reticulatus  and 88  Haemaphysalis concinna . The highest activity peak of  I. ricinus  and  D. reticulatus  was in May, in June for  H. concinna  while a second peak was observed only for  I. ricinus  and  D. reticulatus  in September and October, respectively. All samples tested negative for TBEV. For  A. phagocytophilum , 1.5% of  I. ricinus  adults tested positive while the minimum infection rate (MIR) in nymphs was 1.3%. This pathogen was found in 0.6% of  D. reticulatus .  Babesia  spp. were detected in  I. ricinus  (18.2% adults, 2.1% MIR in nymphs) and  H. concinna  (13.3% adults, 9.7% MIR in nymphs).  Borrelia  spp. were present only in  I. ricinus  (49.1% adults, 11.9% MIR in nymphs), while  Rickettsia  spp. were detected in  I. ricinus  (14% adults, 8.9% MIR in nymphs) and  D. reticulatus  (82%). Co-detection of pathogens was observed in 26.6% and 54.8% of positive  I. ricinus  adults and nymph pools, respectively, while one  D. reticulatus  tested positive for  A. phagocytophilum  and  Rickettsia  spp. The most common co-infection in  I. ricinus  adults was  Babesia microti  and  Borrelia afzelii  (12.3% of positive ticks). Conclusions The results of this study confirm the northern expansion of  D. reticulatus  and  H. concinna  in Germany. The detailed data of the infection levels at each location could be useful in assessing the risk of pathogen acquisition following a tick bite. Graphical Abstract

parasites and vectors

Sympatric occurrence of Ixodes ricinus with Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis concinna and the associated tick-borne pathogens near the German Baltic coast