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Background  A field survey was performed to investigate local environmental factors promoting occurrence and abundance of  Aedes aegypti  and  Ae. bromeliae  mosquitoes at hotel compounds in the south-east coastal region of Zanzibar Island.    Methods  The potential risk factors were determined using generalized linear mixed models.  Aedes  ( Stegomyia ) spp. indices such as container index (CI) and pupae per container (PPC) index were also estimated.    Results   Aedes aegypti  and  Ae. bromeliae  were the most abundant vector species, accounting for 70.8% of all  Aedes  mosquitoes collected. The highest CI was observed for plastic containers irrespective of the season, whereas the highest PPC was observed for coconut shells and aluminium containers in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The risk of  Aedes  mosquito occurrence and abundance were significantly associated with presence of plastic containers, coconut shells, used tyres and steel containers. These were discarded in shaded places, in the open and gardens, or found in plant nurseries.    Conclusion  This study shows that  Aedes  species of global health significance occur at hotel compounds on this part of Zanzibar Island. The occurrence and abundance are sustained by the presence of abundant and poorly managed solid wastes and containers used for gardening tasks. This highlights an urgent need for the adoption of area-wide environmentally sustainable  Aedes  mosquito management interventions that also integrate solid waste management and ornamental plant production practices for reducing the risk of arboviral disease epidemics.    Graphical AbstractSupplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05005-9.

Risk factors for occurrence and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes bromeliae at hotel compounds in Zanzibar