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Background    BRCA1  mutated breast cancers are commonly diagnosed as negative for classical hormone receptors i.e. estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and/or Her2. Due to these common targets being absent the application of anti-endocrine therapies is rather limited and a certain focus has been set on discovering alternative target molecules. We recently highlighted thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients that had been diagnosed a  BRCA1  germline mutation. Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) are known to interact with TRs by forming functional heterodimers. Whether VDR, RXR or PPARγ are expressed in  BRCA1  mutated breast cancer or may even be present in case of triple negativity is not known. Hence the current study aimed to investigate VDR, RXR and PPARγ in  BRCA1    mut   breast cancer and to test whether any of the three may be associated with clinico-pathological criteria including overall survival.    Methods  This study analyzed VDR, RXR and PPARγ by immunohistochemistry in  BRCA1  associated ( n =  38) and sporadic breast cancer ( n =  79). Receptors were quantified by applying an established scoring system (IR-score) and were tested for association with clinico-pathological variables.    Results  VDR, RXR and PPARγ were detected in over 90% of triple negative  BRCA1    mut   breast cancer and were significantly (VDR:  p <  0.001, RXR:  p =  0.010, PPARγ:  p <  0.001) overexpressed in  BRCA1  mutated as compared to sporadic cancer cases. VDR and RXR positivity predicted prolonged overall survival only in  BRCA1  mutated cases while such association was not observed in sporadic breast cancer.    Conclusions  In conclusion, this is the first study to describe VDR, RXR and PPARγ in  BRCA1  mutated breast cancer. Based on the data presented here these receptors may be hypothesized to potentially evolve as interesting markers or even targets in hereditary breast cancer. However, independent studies are indispensable thus to confirm this hypothesis.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0517-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

journal of experimental and clinical cancer research

Vitamin D receptor, Retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ are overexpressed in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer and predict prognosis