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Backgrounds  The present study explored the viability of bovine milk macrophages, their intracellular production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and their phagocytosis of  Staphylococcus aureus , as well as the profile of lymphocytes, from healthy udder quarters and udder quarters infected by  Corynebacterium bovis . The study included 28 healthy udder quarters from 12 dairy cows and 20 udder quarters infected by  C. bovis  from 10 dairy cows. The percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes were identified by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Macrophage viability, RONS production, and  S. aureus  phagocytosis were evaluated by flow cytometry.    Results  Milk samples from quarters infected with  C. bovis  showed a lower percentage of macrophages but an increased number of milk macrophages per mL and a higher percentage of macrophages that produced intracellular RONS and phagocytosed  S. aureus . No effect of  C. bovis  infection on macrophage viability was found. Udder quarters infected by  C. bovis  showed a higher percentage of T cells and CD4 +  T lymphocytes, but no effect was found on the percentage of CD8 +  CD4 −  T, CD8 −  CD4 −  T, or B lymphocytes.    Conclusions  Thus, our results corroborate, at least in part, the finding that intramammary infections by  C. bovis  may offer protection against intramammary infections by major pathogens.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02989-5.

Milk lymphocyte profile and macrophage functions: new insights into the immunity of the mammary gland in quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis