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Background  Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an important biomarker to monitor the response to the treatment, but has not been fully utilized as a whole sequence. We used a longitudinal biomarker PSA to discover a new prognostic pattern that predicts castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy.    Methods  We transformed the longitudinal PSA into a discrete sequence, used frequent sequential pattern mining to find candidate patterns from the sequences, and selected the most predictive and informative pattern among the candidates.    Results  Patients were less likely to be CRPC if, after PSA values reach nadir, the PSA decreases more than 0.048 ng/ml during a month, and the decrease occurs again. This pattern significantly increased the accuracy of predicting CRPC by supplementing information provided by existing PSA patterns such as pretreatment PSA.    Conclusions  This result can help clinicians to stratify men by the risk of CRPC and to determine the patient that needs intensive follow-up.

Discovery of prostate specific antigen pattern to predict castration resistant prostate cancer of androgen deprivation therapy