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Background Chronic hyperglycemic triggers the non-enzymatic glycation of biomolecules, resulting in the production of advanced glycation endproducts, that lead to several micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, the discovery of new, effective, and safe anti-glycation agents is an important need. One of the best choices for the management of diabetes is to use complementary and alternative medicinal therapies. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-glycation activity of ethanolic extract of  Illicium verum  Hook. f. (Star anise, a frequently used spice and medicinally important herb). Methods The anti-glycation activity of ethanolic extract of  Illicium verum  Hook. f. was determined by using both  in-vitro  and  in-vivo  assays. HSA-fructose glycation model was employed to assess the  in-vitro  inhibition of protein glycation, additionally cross-linked AGEs (formed by incubating lysozyme with fructose) were assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Dual inhibitory mechanisms,  i.e. , antioxidant and metal chelating activities, were also evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS, and Fe (II)-chelation assays. Acute toxicity of  I. verum  extract was also performed (by administrating different doses  i.e.  2,000, 1,500, 1,000, and 500 mg/kg of body weight). Finally,  in-vivo  anti-glycation potential was evaluated by 7 weeks of administration of  I. verum  extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Results In HSA-fructose glycation model, extract of  I. verum  showed a good inhibitory activity with IC 50  value of 0.11±0.001 mg/mL, as compared to the standard inhibitor, rutin (IC 50  = 0.02±0.01 mg/mL). Extract of  I. verum  showed inhibitory activity in DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC 50  values of 130±1.0, and 57±2.0 μg/mL, respectively, while it was found to be inactive in the Fe +2 -chelation assay. The extract was found to be non-toxic, and reduce the elevated blood glucose, urea, lipid, liver function parameters, and renal AGEs levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions These results suggest that  I. verum  supplementation might help to reduce the burden of AGEs, and may have potential in preventing diabetes-associated complications.

Anti-glycation properties of Illicium verum Hook. f. fruit in-vitro and in a diabetic rat model