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Background Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression. Anti-HIV drugs that are currently available are chemically synthesized and are frequently limited by side effects, the emergence of drug resistance, affordability, and availability, with over 5 million people in the world lacking access to treatment. As a result, to discover new anti-HIV agents, we investigated the effects of Kenyan C. dichogamus extracts on the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1 IIIB  in human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cells. Methods Four soluble fractions of 1:1  v/v  CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH extract of the twigs of  C. dichogamus  Pax were tested for their replication inhibition activity against the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1 IIIB  in the human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cell line. The plant extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells using the MTT assay. Results The cytotoxicity CC 50  values of the methanol and methylene chloride soluble fractions of  C. dichogamus  were found to be between 19.58 ± 0.79 and 167 ± 0.8 µg/ml, respectively. The hexane, methylene chloride, and methanol soluble fractions of the 1:1  v/v  CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH extract of the twigs of  C. dichogamus  showed inhibition of the HIV-1 IIIB  laboratory-adapted strain in a virus-infected cell culture antiviral assay. The methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1  v/v  CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH extract of the twigs of  C. dichogamus  showed significant anti-HIV activity by inhibiting more than 90% of viral-induced cytopathic effects with an IC 50  value of 0.06 ± 0.01 µg/ml, giving an SI of 318.5. Conclusion Based on our findings, the methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1  v/v  CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH extract of the twigs of  C. dichogamus  has shown potential efficacy in inhibiting viral replication and could be considered a promising candidate for further studies.

Cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activities of extracts of the twigs of Croton dichogamus Pax