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Background Genital wart (GW) is known as an infectious disease. Besides the infection, it is associated with a higher risk of cervical neoplasia and cancer in the infected population. The present research aimed to explore the predictors of GW preventive behaviors based on the health belief model (HBM). Methods The present analytical and cross-sectional research was conducted in 2019 among 720 women between 15 and 49 years of age in Bandar Abbas in the south of Iran. The sample was selected in a multi-stratified clustering method. The participants responded to a reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaire which explored demographic information, knowledge-related items and the model constructs. A multivariate linear regression analysis was run to determine the predictors of adopting GW preventive behaviors. A path analysis was also run to test the direct and indirect effects of the model constructs on the dependent variable. Results The mean and standard deviation of participants’ age was 30.43 ± 8.697 years. As Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed, knowledge (r = 0.197,  p  &lt; 0.001), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.434,  p  &lt; 0.001), severity (r = 0.463,  p  &lt; 0.001) and self-efficacy (r = 0.434,  p  &lt; 0.001) were significantly correlated with the adoption of GWs preventive behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy (B = − 0.010,  p  &lt; 0.001), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.070,  p  &lt; 0.001) and severity (B = 0.078,  p  &lt; 0.001) were the predictors of GW preventive behaviors. Path analysis showed that perceived susceptibility, severity and self-efficacy directly affected healthy behaviors while perceived benefits and barriers indirectly affected the preventive behaviors. Conclusions The present findings help to promote knowledge of the predictors of GW preventive behaviors. HBM can be a useful theoretical framework to evaluate the preventive behavior of the disease and help to reduce the rate of sexually-transmitted infections including GW.

A predictive model of genital warts preventive behaviors among women in the south of Iran: application of health belief model