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Background One-step fermentation is a cheap way to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), where production of xylanases and XOS is integrated into a single process. In spite of cost advantage, one-step fermentation is still short in yield so far due to the limited exploration. To cope with this issue, production of XOS from wheat bran by recombinant  Escherichia coli  through one-step fermentation was investigated in this study. Results An endo-β-1,4-xylanase gene belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 11 of  Bacillus agaradhaerens  was employed to construct recombinant  E. coli . This xylanase showed maximal activity at 60 °C and pH 8.0–8.5. Its activity retained more than 60% after incubation at 70 °C for 4 h, showing a good stability. The recombinant  E. coli  BL21(DE3) could secreted xylanases that directly hydrolyzed de-starched wheat bran to XOS in fermentation medium. The XOS generated from hydrolysis consisted of xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose accounting for 23.1%, 37.3% and 39.6%, respectively. Wheat bran concentration was found to be the most crucial factor affecting XOS production. The XOS concentration reached 5.3 mg/mL at 10% loading of wheat bran, which is higher than those of previous researches. Nitrogen source type could also affect production of XOS by changing extracellular xylanase activity, and glycine was found to be the best one for fermentation. Optimal fermentation conditions were finally studied using response surface optimization. The maximal concentration emerged at 44.3 °C, pH 7.98, which is affected by characteristics of the xylanase as well as growth conditions of  E. coli . Conclusions This work indicates that the integrated fermentation using recombinant  E. coli  is highly competitive in cost and final concentration for producing XOS. Results can also provide theoretical basis for large-scale production and contribute to the wide adoption of XOS.

One-step fermentation for producing xylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran by recombinant Escherichia coli containing an alkaline xylanase