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Background Symbiotic  Methylobacterium  strains comprise a significant part of plant microbiomes. Their presence enhances plant productivity and stress resistance, prompting classification of these strains as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).  Methylobacteria  can synthesize unusually high levels of plant hormones, called cytokinins (CKs), including the most active form, trans-Zeatin (tZ). Results This study provides a comprehensive inventory of 46 representatives of  Methylobacterium  genus with respect to phytohormone production in vitro, including 16 CK forms, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). High performance-liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analyses revealed varying abilities of  Methylobacterium  strains to secrete phytohormones that ranged from 5.09 to 191.47 pmol mL −1  for total CKs, and 0.46 to 82.16 pmol mL −1  for tZ. Results indicate that reduced methanol availability, the sole carbon source for bacteria in the medium, stimulates CK secretion by  Methylobacterium . Additionally, select strains were able to transform L-tryptophan into IAA while no ABA production was detected. Conclusions To better understand features of CKs in plants, this study uncovers CK profiles of  Methylobacterium  that are instrumental in microbe selection for effective biofertilizer formulations.

A survey of Methylobacterium species and strains reveals widespread production and varying profiles of cytokinin phytohormones