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Background   Listeria monocytogenes  is one of the deadliest foodborne pathogens. The bacterium can tolerate severe environments through biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, virulence, and molecular epidemiology about  Listeria  from meat processing environments.    Methods  This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance and virulence of  Listeria  isolates from slaughtering and processing plants. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a standard microbroth dilution method. The harboring of resistant genes was identified by polymerase chain reaction. The multilocus sequence typing was used to determine the subtyping of the isolates and characterize possible routes of contamination from meat processing environments. The virulence of different STs of  L. monocytogenes  isolates was evaluated using a Caco-2 cell invasion assay.    Results  A total of 59  Listeria  isolates were identified from 320 samples, including 37  L. monocytogenes  isolates (62.71%). This study evaluated the virulence of  L. monocytogenes  and the antibiotic resistance of  Listeria  isolates from slaughtering and processing plants. The susceptibility of these 59 isolates against 8 antibiotics was analyzed, and the resistance levels to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and lincomycin were as high as 98.31%  (L. m  37;  L. innocua  7;  L. welshimeri  14), 96.61% ( L. m  36;  L. innocua  7;  L. welshimeri  14), and 93.22% ( L. m  35;  L. innocua  7;  L. welshimeri  13), respectively. More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to three to six antibiotics, indicating that  Listeria  isolated from meat processing environments had high antimicrobial resistance. Up to 60% of the isolates harbored the tetracycline-resistance genes  tetA  and  tetM . The frequency of  ermA ,  ermB ,  ermC , and  aac(6′)-Ib  was 16.95, 13.56, 15.25, and 6.78%, respectively. Notably, the resistant phenotype and genotype did not match exactly, suggesting that the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of these isolates were likely related to the processing environment. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that 59  Listeria  isolates were grouped into 10 sequence types (STs). The dominant  L. monocytogenes  STs were ST5, ST9, and ST121 in the slaughtering and processing plant of Jiangsu province. Moreover, ST5 subtypes exhibited high invasion in Caco-2 cells compared with ST9 and ST121 cells.    Conclusion  The dominant  L. monocytogenes  ST5 persisted in the slaughtering and processing plant and had high antimicrobial resistance and invasion characteristics, illustrating a potential risk in food safety and human health.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence of listeria isolated from a slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China