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Background Probiotics positively affect inflammatory responses, in part, through Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and inflammatory signaling pathways. To evaluate the precise effects of probiotics as protective treatment, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of  Lactobacillus  spp.,  Bifidobacterium  spp., and a mixture of these probiotics in modulating the JAK/STAT and inflammatory signaling pathways. Methods A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the expression of  JAK/STAT  and inflammatory genes ( TIRAP ,  IRAK4, NEMO , and  RIP ) following HT-29 cell line treatment with sonicated pathogens  Lactobacillus  spp.,  Bifidobacterium  spp., and a mixed cocktail. A cytokine assay was also used to evaluate the IL-6 and IL-1β production following the probiotic treatment. Results The probiotic cocktail downregulated the  JAK  genes and  TIRAP ,  IRAK4, NEMO , and  RIP  genes in the NF-kB pathway compared to sonicate pathogen treatment cells. The expression of  STAT  genes was variable following probiotic treatment. The IL-6 and IL-1β production decreased after probiotic treatment. Conclusions Our probiotic cocktail showed anti-inflammatory effects on HT-29 cells by modulating JAK/STAT and NF-kB pathways. Therefore,  Lactobacillus  spp. and  Bifidobacterium  spp. probiotics as nutritional supplements may reduce inflammation-associated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

bmc immunology

The effects of the probiotic cocktail on modulation of the NF-kB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response in bowel disease model