English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  The endosymbiont  Wolbachia  can manipulate arthropod reproduction and invade host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Some host species are coinfected with multiple  Wolbachia  strains which may have sequentially invaded host populations by expressing different types of modular CI factor ( cif ) genes. The tephritid fruit fly  Rhagoletis cerasi  is a model for CI and  Wolbachia  population dynamics. It is associated with at least four  Wolbachia  strains in various combinations, with demonstrated ( w Cer2,  w Cer4), predicted ( w Cer1) or unknown ( w Cer5) CI phenotypes.    Results  We sequenced and assembled the draft genomes of the  Wolbachia  strains  w Cer1,  w Cer4 and  w Cer5, and compared these with the previously sequenced genome of  w Cer2 which currently invades  R. cerasi  populations. We found complete  cif  gene pairs in all strains: four pairs in  w Cer2 (three Type I; one Type V), two pairs in  w Cer1 (both Type I) and  w Cer4 (one Type I; one Type V), and one pair in  w Cer5 (Type IV).  Wolbachia  genome variant analyses across geographically and genetically distant host populations revealed the largest diversity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in  w Cer5, followed by  w Cer1 and then  w Cer2, indicative of their different lengths of host associations. Furthermore, mitogenome analyses of the  Wolbachia  genome-sequenced individuals in combination with SNP data from six European countries revealed polymorphic mitogenome sites that displayed reduced diversity in individuals infected with  w Cer2 compared to those without.    Conclusions  Coinfections with  Wolbachia  are common in arthropods and affect options for  Wolbachia -based management strategies of pest and vector species already infected by  Wolbachia . Our analyses of  Wolbachia  genomes of a host naturally coinfected by several strains unravelled signatures of the evolutionary dynamics in both  Wolbachia  and host mitochondrial genomes as a consequence of repeated invasions. Invasion of already infected populations by new  Wolbachia  strains requires new sets of functionally different  cif  genes and thereby may select for a cumulative modularity of  cif  gene diversity in invading strains. Furthermore, we demonstrated at the mitogenomic scale that repeated CI-driven  Wolbachia  invasions of hosts result in reduced mitochondrial diversity and hitchhiking effects. Already resident  Wolbachia  strains may experience similar cytoplasmic hitchhiking effects caused by the invading  Wolbachia  strain.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07906-6.

bmc genomics

Genome analyses of four Wolbachia strains and associated mitochondria of Rhagoletis cerasi expose cumulative modularity of cytoplasmic incompatibility factors and cytoplasmic hitchhiking across host populations