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The COVID-19 pandemic generated a considerable debate in relation to urbandensity. This is an old debate, originated in mid 19th century's England withthe emergence of public health and urban planning disciplines. While popularlylinked, evidence suggests that such relationship cannot be generally assumed.Furthermore, urban density has been investigated in a spatially coarse manner(predominantly at city level) and never contextualised with other descriptorsof urban form. In this work, we explore COVID-19 and urban form in GreaterLondon, relating a comprehensive set of morphometric descriptors (includingbuilt-up density) to COVID-19 deaths and cases, while controlling forsocioeconomic, ethnicity, age, and co-morbidity. We describe urban form atindividual building level and then aggregate information for officialneighbourhoods, allowing for a detailed intra-urban representation. Resultsshow that: i) control variables significantly explain more variance of bothCOVID-19 cases and deaths than the morphometric descriptors; ii) of what thelatter can explain, built-up density is indeed the most associated, thoughinversely. The typical London neighbourhood with high levels of COVID-19infections and deaths resembles a suburb, featuring a low-density urban fabricdotted by larger free-standing buildings and framed by a poorly inter-connectedstreet network.

Urban form and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Greater London: an urban morphometric approach