Endovascular Treatment of Concomitant Carotid Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Atherosclerotic Disease After Failed Open Surgical Treatment

We describe a case of concomitant fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and atherosclerotic internal carotid artery (ICA) disease in a symptomatic patient. Sixty-eight-year-old female presented for evaluation of a transient ischemic attack. Imaging revealed severe proximal >80% ICA stenosis with severe FMD to mid and distal ICA. Planned hybrid approach with left carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and balloon angioplasty was aborted intraoperatively due to lack of back bleeding. Open gradual rigid dilation was then performed with resumption of back bleeding. Completion angiogram revealed widely patent flow through CEA patch with no residual defects. Patient awoke from operation neurologically intact. At 6-month follow-up, carotid duplex revealed severe recurrent ICA stenosis. Endovascular intervention was performed with balloon dilation to the proximal and mid-ICA with stenting of a moderate 60% ostial common carotid stenosis. She recovered well from procedure with 3-month carotid duplex showing widely patent common carotid stent and ICA with no areas of stenosis. Informed consent has been obtained from the patient for publication of the case report and accompanying images.