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The threat of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing. Regarding thedifference in the infection rate observed in each region, in addition tostudies seeking the cause due to differences in the social distance (populationdensity), there is an increasing trend toward studies seeking the cause due todifferences in social capital. However, studies have not yet been conducted onwhether social capital could influence the infection rate even if it controlsthe effect of population density. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed therelationship between infection rate, population density, and social capitalusing statistical data for each prefecture. Statistical analysis showed thatsocial capital not only correlates with infection rates and populationdensities but still has a negative correlation with infection rates controllingfor the effects of population density. Besides, controlling the relationshipbetween variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greatercorrelation with infection rate than population density. In other words, socialcapital mediates the correlation between population density and infectionrates. This means that social distance alone is not enough to deter coronavirusinfection, and social capital needs to be recharged.

Social capital may mediate the relationship between social distance and COVID-19 prevalence