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Background  Accumulating evidence indicates that reducing systolic blood pressure ( BP ) to <140 mm Hg improves health outcomes; however, an optimal level has not yet been determined. Many population studies or post hoc analyses suggest a target systolic  BP  between 120 and 140 mm Hg with increased risk above and below that range. We tested the hypothesis that consistent control of systolic  BP  between 120 and 140 mm Hg—time in therapeutic range—is a strong determinant of all‐cause mortality among  US  veterans.    Methods and Results  A total of 689 051 individuals from 15 Veterans Administration Medical Centers were followed over a 10‐year period. Participants were classified as hypertensive, intermediate hypertensive, and normotensive according to the number of elevated  BP  recordings (>3, 1 or 2, and none, respectively). Time within, above, or below therapeutic range (120–140 mm Hg) was considered in quartiles and related to all‐cause mortality. The study population consisted of 54% hypertensive, 19.9% intermediate, and 26.1% normotensive participants; the corresponding mortality rates for the 3 groups were 11.5%, 8%, and 1.9%, respectively ( P <0.0001 for all comparisons). Mortality rates for hypertensive participants with  BP  consistently within, above, or below the therapeutic range were 6.5%, 21.9%, and 33.1%, respectively ( P <0.0001 for all comparisons). Mortality rates in hypertensive participants increased from 6.5% in the most consistently controlled quartile (>75%) to 8.9%, 15.6%, and 23.5% towards the less consistently controlled quartiles (50–75%, 25–50%, and <25%, respectively;  P <0.0001 for all comparisons).    Conclusions  An inverse and gradual association between time in therapeutic range and all‐cause mortality was observed in this large veteran cohort. Consistency of  BP  control over time is a strong determinant of all‐cause mortality, and consistency of  BP  control should be monitored in everyday clinical practice.

Time in Therapeutic Range, as a Determinant of All‐Cause Mortality in Patients With Hypertension