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Background  DBZ (Danshensu Bingpian Zhi), a synthetic derivative of a natural compound found in traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to suppress lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophage activation and lipid accumulation in vitro. The aim of this study was to assess whether  DBZ  could attenuate atherosclerosis at early and advanced stages.    Methods and Results  The effects of  DBZ  on the development of atherosclerosis were studied using apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE −/− ) mice. For early treatment, 5‐week‐old apoE −/−  mice were fed a Western diet and treated daily by oral gavage with or without  DBZ  or atorvastatin for 10 weeks. For advanced treatment, 5‐week‐old apoE −/−  mice were fed a Western diet for 10 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, and then they were randomly divided into 4 groups and subjected to the treatment of vehicle, 20 mg/kg per day  DBZ , 40 mg/kg per day  DBZ , or 10 mg/kg per day atorvastatin for the subsequent 10 weeks. We showed that early treatment of apoE −/−  mice with  DBZ  markedly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation by inhibiting inflammation and decreasing macrophage infiltration into the vessel wall. Treatment with  DBZ  also attenuated the progression of preestablished diet‐induced atherosclerotic plaques in apoE −/−  mice. In addition, we showed that  DBZ  may affect LXR (liver X receptor) function and that treatment of macrophages with  DBZ  suppressed lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated cell migration and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein–induced foam cell formation.    Conclusions   DBZ  potentially has antiatherosclerotic effects that involve the inhibition of inflammation, macrophage migration, leukocyte adhesion, and foam cell formation. These results suggest that  DBZ  may be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

DBZ (Danshensu Bingpian Zhi), a Novel Natural Compound Derivative, Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice