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Background  Lower socioeconomic position ( SEP ) predicts higher cardiovascular risk in adults. Few studies differentiate between neighborhood and family  SEP  or have repeated measures through childhood, which would inform understanding of potential mechanisms and the timing of interventions. We investigated whether neighborhood and family  SEP , measured biennially from ages 0 to 1 year onward, was associated with carotid intima–media thickness ( IMT ) at ages 11 to 12 years.    Methods and Results  Data were obtained from 1477 families participating in the Child Health CheckPoint study, nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Disadvantaged family and neighborhood  SEP  was cross‐sectionally associated with thicker maximum carotid  IMT  in separate univariable linear regression models. Associations with family  SEP  were not attenuated in multivariable analyses, and associations with neighborhood  SEP  were attenuated only in models adjusted for family  SEP . The difference in maximum carotid  IMT  between the highest and lowest family  SEP  quartile measured at ages 10 to 11 years was 10.7 μm (95%  CI , 3.4–18.0;  P =0.004), adjusted for age, sex, pubertal status, passive smoking exposure, body mass index, blood pressure, and arterial lumen diameter. In longitudinal analyses, family  SEP  measured as early as age 2 to 3 years was associated with maximum carotid  IMT  at ages 11 to 12 years (difference between highest and lowest quartile: 8.5 μm; 95%  CI , 1.3–15.8;  P =0.02). No associations were observed between  SEP  and mean carotid  IMT .    Conclusions  We report a robust association between lower  SEP  in early childhood and carotid  IMT  in mid‐childhood. Further investigation of mechanisms may inform pediatric cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention strategies.

Socioeconomic Position Is Associated With Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Mid‐Childhood: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children