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Background  Autologous adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells ( ATMSC s) therapy is a promising strategy to improve post–myocardial infarction outcomes. In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, we studied the long‐term effects and the mechanisms involved in allogeneic  ATMSC s administration on myocardial performance.    Methods and Results  Thirty‐eight pigs underwent 50 minutes of coronary occlusion; the study was completed in 33 pigs. After reperfusion, allogeneic  ATMSC s or culture medium (vehicle) were intracoronarily administered. Follow‐ups were performed at short (2 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle‐treated, n=10;  ATMSC s‐treated, n=9) or long term (60 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle‐treated, n=7;  ATMSC s‐treated, n=7). At short term, infarcted myocardium analysis showed reduced apoptosis in the  ATMSC s‐treated animals (48.6±6% versus 55.9±5.7% in vehicle;  P =0.017); enhancement of the reparative process with up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and stromal‐derived factor‐1α gene expression; and increased M2 macrophages (67.2±10% versus 54.7±10.2% in vehicle;  P =0.016). In long‐term groups, increase in myocardial perfusion at the anterior infarct border was observed both on day‐7 and day‐60 cardiac magnetic resonance studies in  ATMSC s‐treated animals, compared to vehicle (87.9±28.7 versus 57.4±17.7 mL/min per gram at 7 days;  P =0.034 and 99±22.6 versus 43.3±14.7 22.6 mL/min per gram at 60 days;  P =0.0001, respectively). At day 60, higher vascular density was detected at the border zone in the  ATMSC s‐treated animals (118±18 versus 92.4±24.3 vessels/mm 2  in vehicle;  P =0.045). Cardiac magnetic resonance–measured left ventricular ejection fraction of left ventricular volumes was not different between groups at any time point.    Conclusions  In this porcine acute myocardial infarction model, allogeneic  ATMSC s‐based therapy was associated with increased cardioprotective and reparative mechanisms and with better cardiac magnetic resonance–measured perfusion. No effect on left ventricular volumes or ejection fraction was observed.

journal of the american heart association

Intracoronary Administration of Allogeneic Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Myocardial Perfusion But Not Left Ventricle Function, in a Translational Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction