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Background  Patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) are at increased risk for bleeding, transfusion, and dialysis after cardiac catheterization. Whether rates of these complications are increased in this high‐risk population undergoing transradial access compared with transfemoral access is unknown.    Methods and Results  From the Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking program, we identified 229 108 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization between 2007 and 2014, of which 48 155 (21.0%) had baseline glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) between 15 and 59 mL/min. We used multivariable Cox modeling to determine the independent association between transradial access and postprocedure transfusion as well as progression to new dialysis by degree of renal dysfunction. Overall, 35 979 (15.7%) of patients underwent Transradial access. Transradial patients tended to be slightly younger, but, overall, had similar rates of  CKD  compared to transfemoral patients (24.3% vs 27.1%). Transradial patients had longer fluoroscopy times (7.2 vs 6.0 minutes;  P <0.001), but lower contrast use (85.0 vs 100.0 mL;  P <0.001). The estimated rate of blood transfusion within 48 hours was lower among transradial patients (0.85% vs 1.01%) as were rates of new dialysis at 1 year (0.58% vs 0.71%). After multivariable adjustment, transradial access was associated with lower rates of progression to dialysis at 1 year overall (hazard ratio [ HR],  0.83; 95%  CI,  0.70–0.98), with no trend of increased risk for dialysis by degree of  CKD  compared with transfemoral access. Transradial access was associated with greater reduction in transfusion rates with increasing degree of  CKD  ( P  value for trend=0.04: non‐ CKD :  HR,  0.99; 95%  CI,  0.73–1.34;  GFR  45–59 mL/min:  HR,  0.93; 95%  CI,  0.70–1.23;  GFR  30–44 mL/min:  HR,  0.73; 95%  CI,  0.51–1.03;  GFR  15–29 mL/min:  HR,  0.43; 95%  CI,  0.20–0.90).    Conclusions  Among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in the  VA  health system, transradial access was associated with lower risk for postprocedure transfusion within 48 hours among patients with more‐severe  CKD , and with lower risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease at 1 year compared with transfemoral access. These data provide additional evidence that transradial access may provide significant benefit in this high‐risk population.

journal of the american heart association

Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Rates of Transfusion and Progression to End‐Stage Renal Disease in Patients Undergoing Transradial Versus Transfemoral Cardiac Catheterization—An Analysis From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking ( CART ) Program