Open AccessMicrobiota‐Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N‐Oxide and Coronary Artery Calcium in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study ( CARDIA )
Author(s) -
Meyer Katie A.,
Benton Thomas Z.,
Bennett Brian J.,
Jacobs David R.,
LloydJones Donald M.,
Gross Myron D.,
Carr J. Jeffrey,
GordonLarsen Penny,
Zeisel Steven H.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the american heart association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.494
H-Index - 85
ISSN - 2047-9980
DOI - 10.1161/jaha.116.003970
Subject(s) - medicine , trimethylamine n oxide , interquartile range , coronary artery disease , population , cardiology , quartile , intima media thickness , metabolite , gastroenterology , confidence interval , carotid arteries , trimethylamine , biochemistry , chemistry , environmental health
Background Clinical studies implicate trimethylamine N‐oxide ( TMAO ; a gut microbiota‐dependent nutrient metabolite) in cardiovascular disease risk. There is a lack of population‐based data on the role of TMAO in advancing early atherosclerotic disease. We tested the prospective associations between TMAO and coronary artery calcium ( CAC ) and carotid intima‐media thickness ( cIMT ). Methods and Results Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study ( CARDIA ), a biracial cohort of US adults recruited in 1985–1986 (n=5115). We randomly sampled 817 participants (aged 33–55 years) who attended examinations in 2000–2001, 2005–2006, and 2010–2011, at which CAC was measured by computed tomography and cIMT (2005–2006) by ultrasound. TMAO was quantified using liquid chromotography mass spectrometry on plasma collected in 2000–2001. Outcomes were incident CAC , defined as Agatston units=0 in 2000–2001 and >0 over 10‐year follow‐up, CAC progression (any increase over 10‐year follow‐up), and continuous cIMT . Over the study period, 25% (n=184) of those free of CAC in 2000–2001 (n=746) developed detectable CAC . In 2000–2001, median (interquartile range) TMAO was 2.6 (1.8–4.2) μmol/L. In multivariable‐adjusted models, TMAO was not associated with 10‐year CAC incidence (rate ratio=1.03; 95% CI : 0.71–1.52) or CAC progression (0.97; 0.68–1.38) in Poisson regression, or cIMT (beta coefficient: −0.009; −0.03 to 0.01) in linear regression, comparing the fourth to the first quartiles of TMAO. Conclusions In this population‐based study, TMAO was not associated with measures of atherosclerosis: CAC incidence, CAC progression, or cIMT . These data indicate that TMAO may not contribute significantly to advancing early atherosclerotic disease risk among healthy early‐middle‐aged adults.