English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Open

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Insights

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Background  The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index ( ABI ) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) despite increased prevalence of high  ABI  attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of  ABI  with cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and all‐cause mortality among  CKD  patients.    Methods and Results  Three thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included.  ABI  was obtained per standard protocol and  CVD  events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of  ABI  with  PAD , myocardial infarction ( MI ), composite  CVD , and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an  ABI  between 1.0 and <1.4 had the lowest risk of outcomes. Compared to participants with an  ABI  between 1.0 and <1.4, multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those with an  ABI  of <0.9, 0.9 to <1.0, and ≥1.4 were 5.78 (3.57, 9.35), 2.76 (1.56, 4.88), and 4.85 (2.05, 11.50) for  PAD ; 1.67 (1.23, 2.29), 1.85 (1.33, 2.57), and 2.08 (1.10, 3.93) for  MI ; 1.51 (1.27, 1.79), 1.39 (1.15, 1.68), and 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) for composite  CVD ; and 1.55 (1.28, 1.89), 1.36 (1.10, 1.69), and 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) for all‐cause mortality, respectively.    Conclusions  This study indicates that  ABI  <1.0 was related to risk of  PAD ,  MI , composite  CVD , and all‐cause mortality whereas  ABI  ≥1.4 was related to clinical  PAD . These findings suggest that  ABI  cutpoints of <1.0 or ≥1.4 for diagnosing  PAD  and  ABI  <1.0 for  CVD  risk stratification should be further evaluated among  CKD  patients.

Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease