Open AccessImmunobiotics Beneficially Modulate TLR4 Signaling Triggered by Lipopolysaccharide and Reduce Hepatic Steatosis In Vitro
Author(s) -
Paulraj Kanmani,
AbuZar Ansari,
Julio Villena,
Hojun Kim
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of immunology research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.315
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 2314-8861
pISSN - 2314-7156
DOI - 10.1155/2019/3876896
Subject(s) - tlr4 , proinflammatory cytokine , lipopolysaccharide , inflammation , steatosis , in vitro , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chemistry , immunology , biology , endocrinology , biochemistry
Hepatic inflammation and injury may result from the translocation of pathological bacteria and their proinflammatory mediators. Probiotics attenuate hepatic diseases related to inflammation by exhibiting immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate lipid reduction and immunoregulatory potentials of probiotic bacteria in vitro. HepG2 cells treated with total cellular fluid (TCF) of LABs reduced lipid accumulation. Moreover, cells responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by producing higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF- α . TCF of LABs treatment showed remarkably diminished levels of the expression of these cytokines via modulation of the expression of TLR-negative regulators, as well as MAPK and NF- κ B pathways. Moreover, heat-killed LABs were able to diminish TGF- β , IL-1 β , and IL-6 and to increase IL-10 and TLR4 levels in THP-1 cells. LABs also decreased the protein level of TNF- α . These results demonstrated that immunobiotics exhibit potent immunoregulatory activity and may be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate inflammatory response.