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Aim. The objective is to compare the differences on prognosis and the therapeutic benefits between initial and second primary colorectal cancer (pCRC). Methods. A dataset containing 377,271 initial pCRC cases and 18,617 second pCRC cases from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 1988–2015 was evaluated. Survival comparisons were made using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the survival benefits. Results. The cancer-specific survival rate of patients with initial pCRC was significantly higher than that of patients with second pCRC (5-years survival rate: 64.85% vs. 60.22%, P<0.001). The Chi-square of stratified log rank for age at diagnosis was lower than that for primary site, pTNM stage, sex, race, histology, and grade (Chi-square=86.73). There were almost no differences on therapeutic benefits between patients with initial and second pCRC except that treatments with chemotherapy were significantly associated with longer survival rate compared with treatments without chemotherapy among stage III surgical initial and second primary left-sided colon cancers patients (HR=0.764 vs. 0.581; P for interaction =0.008). Conclusion. Patients with second pCRC have worse prognosis than those with initial pCRC primarily because of older age in the former group. The results evidenced that the therapeutic benefits on the prognosis for colorectal cancer were generally similar between patients with initial and second pCRC.

Do Patients with Second Primary Colorectal Cancer Hold the Similar Prognosis and Therapeutic Benefits as Those with Initial Primary Colorectal Cancer?