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Sodium ion batteries become popular due to their low cost. Among possibleanode materials of sodium ion batteries, phosphorus has great potential owingto its high theoretical capacity. Previous research that yielded high capacityand long duration of phosphorus anode used expensive materials such as blackphosphorus (BP) and phosphorene. To take advantage of the low cost of sodiumion batteries, we report a simple and low-cost method to fabricate anode:condensing red phosphorus on carbon xerogel. Even with large particle size (~50 $\mu$m) and high mass loading (2 mg cm$^{-2}$), the composite cycled at 100mA g$^{-1}$ yielded a capacity of 357 mA g$^{-1}$ or 2498 mAh g$^{-1}_P$ basedon phosphorus after subtracting the contribution of carbon. The averagecoulombic efficiency is as high as 99.4%. When cycled at 200 mA g$^{-1}$, ityielded a capacity of 242 mAh g$^{-1}$ or 1723 mAh g$^{-1}_P$, with averagedegradation rate only 0.06% in 80 cycles. Our research provided an innovativeapproach to synthesize anodes for sodium ion batteries at extremely low cost,with performance exceeding or comparable to state-of-the-art materials, whichwill promote their commercialization.

A Facile Process to Fabricate Phosphorus/Carbon Xerogel Composite as Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries