Open AccessBlack phosphorus as a versatile nanoplatform: From unique properties to biomedical applications
Author(s) -
Shiyun Xiong,
XiaoJia Chen,
Yao Liu,
Taojian Fan,
Qi Wang,
Han Zhang,
Tongkai Chen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of innovative optical health sciences/journal of innovation in optical health science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.421
H-Index - 24
eISSN - 1793-5458
pISSN - 1793-7205
DOI - 10.1142/s1793545820300086
Subject(s) - black phosphorus , nanotechnology , biocompatibility , nanomedicine , biomedicine , phosphorene , photothermal therapy , nanomaterials , materials science , computer science , biochemical engineering , bioinformatics , engineering , graphene , nanoparticle , biology , optoelectronics , metallurgy
Black phosphorus (BP) or phosphorene, a new superstar among two-dimensional (2D) materials, has sparked huge scientific interest since its discovery in 2014. BP offers unique characteristics including high drug loading efficiency, excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties and good biocompatibility. These characteristics expand versatility of BP in nanomedicine. Although the outlook of BP seems promising, its practical biomedical applications are still at the very initial stage especially in comparison to other thoroughly investigated inorganic nanomaterials. This paper reviews BP structure and properties as well as its preparation approaches with the emphasis on techniques to improve BP stability and biocompatibility for their further usage in physiological environment. Meanwhile, recent progress made in various biomedical research fields from bioimaging to biosensing is discussed. Last, but not least, current challenges and prospects for BP in biomedicine are briefly examined, which will be useful to guide future developments of BP.