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Infection with the wild-type baculovirus  Autographa californica  multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Ac M NPV) results in complete death of  Spodoptera frugiperda  (Sf) cells. However, infection of Sf cells with Ac M NPV carrying a mutation or deletion of the apoptotic suppressor gene  p35  allowed the cloning of surviving Sf cells that harbored persistent viral genomes. Persistent infection established with the virus with  p35  mutated or deleted was blocked by stable transfection of  p35  in the host genome or by insertion of the inhibitor of apoptosis ( iap ) gene into the viral genome. These artificially established persistently virus-infected cells became resistant to subsequent viral challenge, and some of the cell lines carried large quantities of viral DNA capable of early gene expression. Continuous release of viral progenies was evident in some of the persistently virus-infected cells, and transfection of  p35  further stimulated viral activation of the persistent cells, including the reactivation of viruses in those cell lines without original continuous virus release. These results have demonstrated the successful establishment of persistent baculovirus infections under laboratory conditions and that their establishment may provide a novel continuous, nonlytic baculovirus expression system in the future.

Persistent Baculovirus Infection Results from Deletion of the Apoptotic Suppressor Gene p35