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The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL42 protein was synthesized in reticulocyte lysates and assayed for activity in vitro. Three functional assays were used to examine the properties of in vitro-synthesized UL42: (i) coimmunoprecipitation to detect stable complex formation with purified herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase (Pol), (ii) a simple gel-based assay for DNA binding, and (iii) a sensitive assay for the stimulation of Pol activity. UL42 synthesized in reticulocyte lysates formed a stable coimmunoprecipitable complex with Pol, bound to double-stranded DNA, and stimulated the activity of Pol in vitro. Carboxy-terminal truncations of the UL42 protein were synthesized from restriction enzyme-digested UL42 gene templates and gene templates made by polymerase chain reaction and assayed for in vitro activity. Truncations of the 488-amino-acid (aa) UL42 protein to aa 315 did not abolish its ability to bind to Pol and DNA or to stimulate Pol activity. Proteins terminating at aas 314 and 313 showed reduced levels of binding to Pol, but these and shorter proteins were unable to bind to DNA or to stimulate Pol activity. These results suggest that all three of the biochemical functions of UL42 colocalize entirely within the N-terminal 315 aas of the UL42 protein. Amino acid sequence alignment of alpha herpesvirus UL42 homologs revealed that the N-terminal functional domain corresponds to the most highly conserved region of the protein, while the dispensable C terminus is not conserved. Conservative aa changes at the C terminus of the 315-aa truncated protein were used to show that conserved residues were important for activity. These results suggest that 173 aa of UL42 can be deleted without a loss of activity and that DNA-binding and Pol-binding activities are correlated with the ability of UL42 to stimulate Pol activity.

Deletions of the carboxy terminus of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL42 define a conserved amino-terminal functional domain