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We have found that levels of unintegrated linear viral DNA were nearly identical in severalFv-1 resistant cell lines, whereas levels of closed circular viral DNA are markedly reduced in these resistant cells, to the same extent as virus production (P. Jolicoeur and E. Rassart, J. Virol.33: 183-195, 1980). To determine the fate of linear viral DNA made in resistant cells we performed pulse-chase experiments, labeling viral DNA with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and following it with a thymidine chase. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine-labeled viral DNA (HH) recovered by banding on cesium chloride gradients was sedimented on neutral sucrose density gradients or separated by the agarose gel-DNA transfer procedure and detected by hybridization with complementary DNA. Levels of linear viral DNA made inFv-1b/b (JLS-V9 and SIM.R) andFv-1n/n (NIH/3T3 and SIM) cells were found to decrease during the chase period at about the same rate in permissive and nonpermissive conditions, indicating that linear viral DNA is not specifically degraded inFv-1 resistant cells. Levels of the two species of closed circular viral DNA made inFv-1 permissive cells increased relative to the levels of linear DNA during the chase period. This confirmed the precursor-product relationship between linear DNA and the two species of circular DNA. InFv-1 resistant cells, this apparent conversion of linear viral DNA into circular forms was not seen, and no supercoiled viral DNA could be detected. To determine whether the transport of linear viral DNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was prevented by theFv-1 gene product, SIM.R cells were fractionated into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, and viral DNA was detected in each fraction by the agarose gel-DNA transfer procedure. Levels of linear viral DNA were nearly identical in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of permissive or resistant cells. Circular viral DNA could be detected in the nuclear fraction of permissive cells, but not in that of resistant cells. A pulse-chase experiment was also performed with SIM.R cells. During the thymidine chase period, linear viral DNA was seen to accumulate in nuclei of both permissive and resistant cells, whereas supercoiled viral DNA accumulated only in nuclei of permissive cells. These results indicate that theFv-1 gene product does not interfere with the transport of linear viral DNA into the nucleus. Our data also suggest that theFv-1 restriction does not operate through a degradation process. Therefore, theFv-1 gene product could either block the circularization of linear viral DNA directly or promote the synthesis of a faulty linear viral DNA whose defect (yet undetected) would prevent its circularization.

Fate of Unintegrated Viral DNA in Fv-1 Permissive and Resistant Mouse Cells Infected with Murine Leukemia Virus