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The genusAbiotrophia represents a heterogeneous group of fastidious cocci that show a dependence on pyridoxal hydrochloride analogs for growth. The genetic heterogeneity in the genusAbiotrophia was examined by DNA-DNA hybridization, PCR assay of genomic DNA sequences, and restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence homology analyses of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Nine type or reference strains ofAbiotrophia defectiva ,Abiotrophia adiacens , andAbiotrophia elegans and 36 oralAbiotrophia isolates including the ones presumptively identified asGemella morbillorum by the rapid ID32 STREP system were divided into four groups:A. defectiva (genotype 1),A. adiacens (genotype 2),A. elegans (genotype 4), and a fourth species (genotype 3) which we propose be namedAbiotrophia para-adiacens sp. nov. A PCR assay specific for detection and identification of the novelAbiotrophia species was developed.A. para-adiacens generally produced β-glucosidase but did not produce α- or β-galactosidase or arginine dihydrolase, did not ferment, trehalose, pullulan, or tagatose, and was serotype IV, V, or VI. Thus, it was distinguished phenotypically fromA. adiacens ,A. elegans , andA. defectiva as well as, apparently, from the recently described speciesAbiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., which produces arginine dihydrolase and which ferments pullulan but not sucrose (P. A. Lawson et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:503–506, 1999). Strain ATCC 27527, currently listed asG. morbillorum , was a member of the speciesA. para-adiacens.

Genetic Heterogeneities and Phenotypic Characteristics of Strains of the GenusAbiotrophiaand Proposal ofAbiotrophia para-adiacenssp. nov