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Urine samples from children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and healthy controls were examined for mycoplasmas by culture. Standard biochemical assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and PCR (16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA region) were used for identification of isolates. Mycoplasmas were identified from 13 (87%) of 15 HIV-positive patients and 3 (20%) of 15 HIV-negative control patients. The frequency and type of mycoplasma varied with the severity of HIV infection.Mycoplasma penetrans ,Mycoplasma pirum ,Mycoplasma fermentans , andMycoplasma genitalium were isolated from patients with severe immunodeficiency.Mycoplasma hominis andUreaplasma urealyticum were isolated more frequently from children in the early stages of HIV infection and from HIV-negative patients.Mycoplasma penetrans was isolated from one (50%) of two patients in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) group B and from five (55.5%) of nine pediatric patients with AIDS (CDC group C). This is the first report that indicates that “AIDS-associated” mycoplasmas are more common in HIV-infected children than in HIV-negative controls.

Mycoplasma penetrans and Other Mycoplasmas in Urine of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Children