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Fimbriae (FimA) ofPorphyromonas gingivalis are filamentous components on the cell surface and are thought to play an important role in the colonization and invasion of periodontal tissues. We previously demonstrated thatfimA can be classified into four variants (types I to IV) on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of thefimA gene. In the present study, we attempted to detect the four differentfimA genes in saliva and plaque samples isolated from patients with periodontitis using the PCR method. Four sets offimA type-specific primers were designed for the PCR assay. These primers selectively amplified 392-bp (type I), 257-bp (type II), 247-bp (type III), and 251-bp (type IV) DNA fragments of thefimA gene. Positive PCR results were observed with reference strains ofP. gingivalis in a type-specific manner. All other laboratory strains of oral and nonoral bacteria gave negative results. The sensitivity of the PCR assay forfimA type-specific detection was between 5 and 50 cells ofP. gingivalis . Clinical samples were obtained from saliva and subgingival plaque from deep pockets (≥4 mm) of 93 patients with periodontitis. Bacterial genomic DNA was isolated from the samples, and the targeted fragments were amplified by PCR. The presence ofP. gingivalis was demonstrated in 73 patients (78.5%), and a singlefimA gene was detected in most patients. The distribution of the fourfimA types among theP. gingivalis -positive patients was as follows: type I, 5.4%; type II, 58.9%; type III, 6.8%; type IV, 12.3%; types I and II, 6.8%; types II and IV, 2.7%; and untypeable, 6.8%.P. gingivalis with type IIfimA was detected more frequently in the deeper pockets, and a significant difference of the occurrence was observed between shallow (4 mm) and deep (≥8 mm) pockets. These results suggest thatP. gingivalis strains that possess type IIfimA are significantly more predominant in periodontitis patients, and we speculate that these organisms are involved in the destructive progression of periodontal diseases.

Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains with fimA Genotypes in Periodontitis Patients