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An enzyme immunoassay membrane test (Directigen RSV) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens was compared prospectively with isolation in cell culture and direct immunofluorescence (IF). A total of 315 nasopharyngeal wash specimens from pediatric patients were examined. Directigen RSV was 86.1% sensitive and 91.3% specific for specimens positive by isolation in cell culture and/or IF, with 88.6% agreement. The false-positive rate was 16%; 2 of 20 specimens giving false-positive reactions by Directigen RSV were true-positives by blocking assay. Twenty-seven specimens (8.5%) whose results were initially uninterpretable by Directigen RSV due to filtration difficulties were diluted and upon retesting produced acceptable results. Sixty-three viral isolates and/or IF identifications of virus antigens representing seven virus groups other than respiratory syncytial virus were also found; cross-reactions between Directigen RSV and other viruses were not observed. Directigen RSV will be useful as an immediate procedure and in facilities lacking a comprehensive virology laboratory.

Comparison of directigen RSV with viral isolation and direct immunofluorescence for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus