Recent vesicular stomatitis virus infection detected by immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that was capable of detecting immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the sera of experimentally and naturally infected cattle and horses. The detection of IgM in the sera of these animals permitted an estimate of the recency of infection by VSV serotype New Jersey. A VSV serotype New Jersey epizootic strain isolated from a horse and passed once in an Aedes albopictus cell line was used to infect a horse and a calf. Sera from these animals were used to standardize the ELISA. This assay was used to test sera from cattle and horses involved in the 1982 VSV epizootic. Comparative antibody titrations were performed by three systems: the serum-dilution plaque-reduction neutralization, complement fixation, and indirect immunofluorescent tests. The antibody titers by neutralization and the ELISA were comparable for the period that IgM was present; when IgM ELISA titers diminished, the neutralization titers remained high. The complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescent antibody titers followed closely the IgM pattern determined by the ELISA. The capture IgM ELISA is applicable for the rapid detection of IgM antibody to VSV in cattle and horses and is a useful assay of recent infection.