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Nickel, Lois (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia),and Sol H. Goodgal . Effect of interspecific transformation on linkage relationships of markers inHaemophilus influenzae andHaemophilus parainfluenzae . J. Bacteriol.88: 1538–1544. 1964.—Highly competent cells ofHaemophilus parainfluenzae were obtained by a modification of the aerobic-“anaerobic” method of Goodgal and Herriott. The mutant markers for streptomycin and novobiocin resistance inH. parainfluenzae were shown to be unlinked. These same markers were transferred intoH. influenzae in two transformation steps, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted. Transformation of recipientH. influenzae with DNA from the latter showed the markers to be linked, and transformation of recipientH. parainfluenzae with this DNA showed that the markers were not cotransferred. The linked streptomycin- and novobiocin-resistance mutations ofH. influenzae were transformed intoH. parainfluenzae in two stages, and the DNA was extracted. Transformation of recipientH. parainfluenzae with this DNA demonstrated the markers to be unlinked inH. parainfluenzae . When these markers, originally fromH. influenzae and present as unlinked factors inH. parainfluenzae , are transferred back intoH. influenzae , the markers showed their original linkage. The novobiocin- and erythromycin-resistance markers ofH. influenzae were unlinked inH. influenzae , but were linked when transferred intoH. parainfluenzae . The erythromycin-resistance marker ofH. influenzae , when transferred into a novobiocin-resistant mutant ofH. parainfluenzae , showed linkage with it. Evidence is presented to show thatH. parainfluenzae streptomycin and novobiocin markers are homologous to streptomycin and novobiocin markers inH. influenzae .

EFFECT OF INTERSPECIFIC TRANSFORMATION ON LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS OF MARKERS IN HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE AND HAEMOPHILUS PARAINFLUENZAE