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A new gene,bkdR (formerly calledyqiR ), encoding a regulator with a central (catalytic) domain was found inBacillus subtilis . This gene controls the utilization of isoleucine and valine as sole nitrogen sources. Seven genes, previously calledyqiS ,yqiT ,yqiU ,yqiV ,bfmBAA ,bfmBAB , andbfmBB and now referred to asptb ,bcd ,buk ,lpd ,bkdA1 ,bkdA2 , andbkdB , are located downstream from thebkdR gene inB. subtilis . The products of these genes are similar to phosphate butyryl coenzyme A transferase, leucine dehydrogenase, butyrate kinase, and four components of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex: E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase), E1α (dehydrogenase), E1β (decarboxylase), and E2 (dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase). Isoleucine and valine utilization was abolished inbcd andbkdR null mutants ofB. subtilis . The seven genes appear to be organized as an operon,bkd , transcribed from a −12, −24 promoter. The expression of thebkd operon was induced by the presence of isoleucine or valine in the growth medium and depended upon the presence of the sigma factor SigL, a member of the sigma 54 family. Transcription of this operon was abolished in strains containing a null mutation in the regulatory genebkdR . Deletion analysis showed that upstream activating sequences are involved in the expression of thebkd operon and are probably the target ofbkdR . Transcription of thebkd operon is also negatively controlled by CodY, a global regulator of gene expression in response to nutritional conditions.

Role of BkdR, a Transcriptional Activator of the SigL-Dependent Isoleucine and Valine Degradation Pathway in Bacillus subtilis