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Regulation of gene expression in the domainArchaea , and specifically hyperthermophiles, has been poorly investigated so far. Biochemical experiments and genome sequencing have shown that, despite the prokaryotic cell and genome organization, basal transcriptional elements of members of the domainArchaea (i.e., TATA box-like sequences, RNA polymerase, and transcription factors TBP, TFIIB, and TFIIS) are of the eukaryotic type. However, open reading frames potentially coding for bacterium-type transcription regulation factors have been recognized in different archaeal strains. This finding raises the question of how bacterial and eukaryotic elements interact in regulating gene expression inArchaea . We have identified a gene coding for a bacterium-type transcription factor in the hyperthermophilic archaeonSulfolobus solfataricus . The protein, named Lrs14, contains a potential helix-turn-helix motif and is related to the Lrp-AsnC family of regulators of gene expression in the classBacteria . We show that Lrs14, expressed inEscherichia coli , is a highly thermostable DNA-binding protein. Bandshift and DNase I footprint analyses show that Lrs14 specifically binds to multiple sequences in its own promoter and that the region of binding overlaps the TATA box, suggesting that, like theE. coli Lrp, Lrs14 is autoregulated. We also show that thelrs14 transcript is accumulated in the late growth stages ofS. solfataricus .

An Lrp-Like Protein of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus Which Binds to Its Own Promoter