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Biochemical investigations of the muconate and chloromuconate cycloisomerases from the chlorophenol-utilizing strainRhodococcus opacus (erythropolis ) 1CP had previously indicated that the chlorocatechol catabolic pathway of this strain may have developed independently from the corresponding pathways of proteobacteria. To test this hypothesis, we cloned the chlorocatechol catabolic gene cluster of strain 1CP by using PCR with primers derived from sequences of N termini and peptides of purified chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and chloromuconate cycloisomerase. Sequencing of the clones revealed that they comprise different parts of the same gene cluster in which five open reading frames have been identified. TheclcB gene for chloromuconate cycloisomerase is transcribed divergently from a gene which codes for a LysR-type regulatory protein, the presumed ClcR. Downstream ofclcR but separated from it by 222 bp, we detected theclcA andclcD genes, which could unambiguously be assigned to chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and dienelactone hydrolase. A gene coding for a maleylacetate reductase could not be detected. Instead, the product encoded by the fifth open reading frame turned out to be homologous to transposition-related proteins of IS1031 and Tn4811 . Sequence comparisons of ClcA and ClcB to other 1,2-dioxygenases and cycloisomerases, respectively, clearly showed that the chlorocatechol catabolic enzymes ofR. opacus 1CP represent different branches in the dendrograms than their proteobacterial counterparts. Thus, while the sequences diverged, the functional adaptation to efficient chlorocatechol metabolization occurred independently in proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria, that is, by functionally convergent evolution.

journal of bacteriology

Evolutionary Relationship between Chlorocatechol Catabolic Enzymes from <i>Rhodococcus opacus</i> 1CP and Their Counterparts in Proteobacteria: Sequence Divergence and Functional Convergence

Evolutionary Relationship between Chlorocatechol Catabolic Enzymes from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP and Their Counterparts in Proteobacteria: Sequence Divergence and Functional Convergence