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In a spontaneous, chloramphenicol-sensitive (Cms), arginine-auxotrophic (Arg-) mutant of Streptomyces lividans 1326, two amplified DNA sequences were found. One of them was the well-characterized 5.7-kb ADS1 sequence, amplified to about 300 copies per chromosome. The second one was a 92-kb sequence called ADS2. ADS2 encoding the previously isolated mercury resistance genes of S. lividans was amplified to around 20 copies per chromosome. The complete ADS2 sequence was isolated from a genomic library of the mutant S. lividans 1326.32, constructed in the phage vector lambda EMBL4. In addition, the DNA sequences flanking the corresponding amplifiable element called AUD2 in the wild-type strain were isolated by using another genomic library prepared from S. lividans 1326 DNA. Analysis of the ends of AUD2 revealed the presence of an 846-bp sequence on both sides repeated in the same orientation. Each of the direct repeats ended with 18-bp inverted repeated sequences. This insertion sequence-like structure was confirmed by the DNA sequence determined from the amplified copy of the direct repeats which demonstrated a high degree of similarity of 65% identity in nucleic acid sequence to IS112 from Streptomyces albus. The recombination event leading to the amplification of AUD2 occurred within these direct repeats, as shown by DNA sequence analysis. The amplification of AUD2 was correlated with a deletion on one side of the flanking chromosomal region beginning very near or in the amplified DNA. Strains of S. lividans like TK20 and TK21 which are mercury sensitive have completely lost AUD2 together with flanking chromosomal DNA on one or both sides.

The very large amplifiable element AUD2 from Streptomyces lividans 66 has insertion sequence-like repeats at its ends