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Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MG1363 can act as a conjugative donor of chromosomal markers. This requires a chromosomally located fertility function that we designate the lactococcal fertility factor (Laff). Using inter- and intrastrain crosses, we identified other L. lactis strains (LMO230 and MMS373) that appear to lack Laff. The selectable marker in our crosses was Tcr, carried by Tn916, a transposon present on the chromosome. The transfer of Tcr was not due to Tn916-encoded conjugative functions, because (i) L. lactis cannot act as a donor in Tn916-promoted conjugation (F. Bringel, G. L. Van Alstine, and J. R. Scott, Mol. Microbiol. 5:2983-2993, 1992) and (ii) transfer occurred when the Tcr marker was present in a Tn916 derivative containing a mutation, tra-641, that prevents Tn916-directed conjugation in any host. In addition, we isolated a strain in which Tn916 appears to be linked to Laff; this strain should be useful for further analysis of this fertility factor. In this strain, Tn916 is on the same 600-kb SmaI fragment as Clu, a fertility factor previously shown to promote lactose plasmid transfer in L. lactis. Thus, it is possible that Clu and Laff are identical.

journal of bacteriology

Transfer of Tn916 between Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains is nontranspositional: evidence for a chromosomal fertility function in strain MG1363