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R plasmid R68.45 was transferred in broth matings fromEscherichia coli to strains ofErwinia amylovora, E. carotovora subsp.atroseptica, E. chrysanthemi , andE. herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans ); the frequency of transfer ranged from 2 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−4 per input donor cell depending on the bacterial species. The drug resistance markerstet + ,amp + , andkan + were stable in theseErwinia species. Transconjugants ofErwinia spp., but not of the wild-type parentErwinia strains, acquired levels of antibiotic resistance (tetracycline, 50 μg/ml; ampicillin, 200 μg/ml; kanamycin 200 μg/ml) similar to those of the donor R68.45-bearing strain ofEscherichia coli. Erwinia transconjugants (with one exception ofE. carotovora subsp.atroseptica ) were donors of the antibiotic resistance markers; the frequency of transfer was consistently higher with anE. coli strain than withErwinia spp. as recipients, and when matings were done on a solid surface (membranes) rather than in liquid. Transfer of chromosomal markersade + ,gal + ,gtu + (utilization of galacturonate),his + ,leu + ,lys + ,thr + , andtrp + occurred in crosses betweenE. chrysanthemi strains harboring R68.45 and appropriate recipient strains; the frequency of transfer ranged from 9.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−6 depending on the selective marker. Analysis of the coinheritance of unselected markers among various classes of recombinants revealed linkage betweenthr-leu-lys-ade and betweentrp andhis , thus confirming earlier findings with the Hfr-type donor cells. Since R68.45 mobilized an array of chromosomal markers in the wild-type as well as genetically marked strains ofE. chrysanthemi , the system, used in conjunction with the existing Hfr strains, should provide a useful tool to study the genetics of plant pathogenicity of this bacterial species. In contrast toE. chrysanthemi , R68.45 did not mobilize chromosomal markersilv + ,his + ,rbs + ,ser + , andthr + inE. amylovora EA178.

Acceptance by Erwinia spp. of R Plasmid R68.45 and Its Ability to Mobilize the Chromosome of Erwinia chrysanthemi