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Three species of the genusArthrobacter, A. crystallopoietes, A. pyridinolis, andA. viridescens , have the capabilities to utilize 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth and to produce an extracellular crystalline pigment from this substrate. Degradation of 2-HP by cell-free extracts requires the presence of both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and molecular oxygen and is stimulated by flavin mononucleotide, suggesting the presence of a monooxygenase activity in the extract. Loss of the ability to produce pigment at a high spontaneous frequency, 0.26% loss per generation, is observed only withA. crystallopoietes and can be visualized by the presence of sectored and fully nonpigmented colonies on solid media containing 2-HP. Concomitant with the loss of pigment-producing character are both loss of ability to utilize 2-HP for growth and oxidation of 2-HP by cell-free extracts. These three 2-HP-associated characteristics also are lost simultaneously by treating cultures ofA. crystallopoietes with curing agents, such as acridine orange and mitomycin C, but are not curable inA. pyridinolis orA. viridescens . All nonpigmented strains ofA. crystallopoietes are nonrevertible for these properties. These data suggest that 2-HP-related characteristics are plasmid determined inA. crystallopoietes but not inA. pyridinolis andA. viridescens . A survey for the presence of plasmids in these three species and two physiologically unrelated species,A. globiformis andA. atrocyaneus , revealed plasmid material only inA. globiformis andA. crystallopoietes .

2-Hydroxypyridine Metabolism and Pigment Formation in Three Arthrobacter Species