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The lipid compositions of 17 spirochetes belonging to the generaSpirochaeta andTreponema were investigated and compared with data previously derived from 11 strains ofLeptospira . The lipid compositions and lipid metabolism of any of these genera is sufficiently different to be characteristic of that genus and to differentiate it from the other two genera. Members of the genusLeptospira are characterized by their ability to beta-oxidize long chain fatty acids as their major carbon and energy source. With few exceptions, they are incapable of synthesizing fatty acids de novo. The major phospholipid found was phosphatidyl ethanolamine. No glycolipid or phosphatidyl choline was found in these organisms. Members of the genusTreponema studied were incapable of beta-oxidation as well as de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Phosphatidyl choline is the major phospholipid of this genus. The glycolipid, monogalactosyl diglyceride, is a major component of theTreponema . Members of theSpirochaeta did synthesize fatty acids de novo. Although these spirochetes contain a monoglycosyl diglyceride, the hexose content of the glycolipid varied from species to species. Neither phosphatidyl ethanolamine nor phosphatidyl choline was found in theSpirochaeta .

Lipids of the Spirochaetales : Comparison of the Lipids of Several Members of the Genera Spirochaeta, Treponema , and Leptospira