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InEscherichia coli K-12 theenvA gene was previously shown to mediate chain formation and a decreased tolerance to several antibacterial agents. Phenethyl alcohol at low concentrations has now been found to increase the tolerance to actinomycin D, ampicillin, rifampin, and gentian violet in strains containingenvA . The increased tolerance to gentian violet was correlated to a decreased uptake of the dye. A phenotype suppression of chain formation and colony morphology inenvA mutants was also obtained. Except for an increase in palmitic acid, chemical analysis revealed no differences between anenvA and its wild-type strain in the lipopolysaccharide part of the envelope. However, a decrease in the amount of phosphatidylglycerol and a C18: 1 fatty acid was observed in the extractable lipids of a strain containingenvA . Growth in the presence of phenethyl alcohol reversed the changes in fatty acid and the phospholipid composition. Phenethyl alcohol was found to cause an immediate but transient inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis. It is suggested that this inhibition affects the penetrability barrier of the outer cell envelope layers in strains containingenvA .

Phenethyl Alcohol as a Suppressor of theEnvAPhenotype Associated with theenvAGene inEscherichia coliK-12