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The induction of secretory and inflammatory responses in calves bySalmonella typhimurium andSalmonella dublin strains was compared, and the effects of mutations in theinvH andstn genes were assessed.S. typhimurium induced greater secretory and inflammatory responses thanS. dublin in bovine ileal loops, despite the fact that these serotypes were recovered from bovine ileal mucosa in comparable numbers (P. R. Watson, S. M. Paulin, A. P. Bland, P. W. Jones, and T. S. Wallis, Infect. Immun. 63:2743–2754, 1995). These results implicate serotype-specific factors other than, or in addition to, intestinal invasion in the induction of enteritis. The secretory and inflammatory responses induced byS. typhimurium andS. dublin in bovine ligated ileal loops were not significantly altered by mutation ofstn , which suggests thatstn does not have a major role inSalmonella -induced enteritis. TheinvH mutation significantly reduced the secretory and inflammatory responses induced in bovine ileal loops, and this correlated with a reduction in the severity of enteritis following oral inoculation of calves. The attenuation associated with theinvH mutation did not appear to be due to an increased susceptibility to the innate host defense mechanisms, because the resistance ofS. typhimurium to the bactericidal action of either bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes or bovine serum was not significantly altered. However, lysis of macrophages following infection withS. typhimurium was significantly reduced by theinvH mutation. TheinvH mutation prevented the normal secretion of several proteins, including SipC, byS. typhimurium , indicating that the function of theinv-spa -encoded type III protein secretion system was disrupted. Taken together, these observations implicateinv-spa -dependent effectors in mediation ofSalmonella -induced enteritis in cattle. Clearly, however, other undefined serotype-specific virulence factors are also involved inSalmonella -induced enteritis.

Mutation of invH , but Not stn , Reduces Salmonella -Induced Enteritis in Cattle