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Flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of T-cell cytokines was performed for 15 Gabonese patients during acute uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparum malaria. A striking expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was found during drug-induced clearance of parasitemia, paralleled by a decrease of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The frequency of IL-4- and IL-13-producing CD4+ cells gradually decreased, whereas the frequency of T cells producing IL-2+ –IFN-γ+ , IL-4− –IL-5+ , and IL-4+ –IL-5+ cytokines as well as IL-4+ –IFN-γ+ and IL-13+ –IFN-γ+ cytokines was not significantly altered. The capacity for IL-10 production within the CD4+ subset increased due to an expansion of both IL-10+ –IFN-γ− and IL-10+ –IFN-γ+ cytokine-expressing cells. Thus, a more pronounced Th2-driven immune response during acute untreatedP. falciparum infection with a shift towards Th1 responsiveness induced by parasite clearance is suggested.

Reciprocal Regulation of Th1- and Th2-Cytokine-Producing T Cells during Clearance of Parasitemia inPlasmodium falciparumMalaria