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Bacterial immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases constitute a very heterogenous group of extracellular endopeptidases which specifically cleave human IgA1 in the hinge region. Here we report that the IgA1 protease gene, iga, of Streptococcus pneumoniae is homologous to that of Streptococcus sanguis. By using the S. sanguis iga gene as hybridization probe, the corresponding gene from a clinical isolate of S. pneumoniae was isolated in an Escherichia coli lambda phage library. A lysate of E. coli infected with hybridization-positive recombinant phages possessed IgA1-cleaving activity. The complete sequence of the S. pneumoniae iga gene was determined. An open reading frame with a strongly biased codon usage and having the potential of encoding a protein of 1,927 amino acids with a molecular mass of 215,023 Da was preceded by a potential -10 promoter sequence and a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence. A putative signal peptide was found in the N-terminal end of the protein. The amino acid sequence similarity to the S. sanguis IgA1 protease indicated that the pneumococcal IgA1 protease is a Zn-metalloproteinase. The primary structures of the two streptococcal IgA1 proteases were quite different in the N-terminal parts, and both proteins contained repeat structures in this region. Using a novel assay for IgA1 protease activity upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we demonstrated that the secreted IgA1 protease was present in several different molecular forms ranging in size from approximately 135 to 220 kDa. In addition, interstrain differences in the sizes of the pneumococcal IgA1 proteases were detected. Southern blot analyses suggested that the S. pneumoniae iga gene is highly heterogenous within the species.

Characterization of the Streptococcus pneumoniae immunoglobulin A1 protease gene (iga) and its translation product