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Using axenic quails fed a diet containing lactose, we have investigated the potentially pathogenic roles of six Clostridium butyricum strains of human origin. Three strains (CB155-3, CB1002, and CB203-1) isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis patients and two of three strains (CB19-1 and CB25-2) isolated from healthy newborns led to cecal or crop lesions or both similar to those observed in human neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: thickening of the cecal wall with gas cysts, hemorrhagic ulcerations, and necrotic areas. The lactose-negative strain (CB46-1) did not develop any lesions. The neuraminidase-producing strain (CB155-3) caused lesions in all monoassociated quails, whereas the other strains caused lesions in 28 to 85% of animals. Removal of dietary lactose suppressed all pathological incidence. These results show that lactose fermentation is a prerequisite in these pathological changes and stress the roles played by both the strain and the host in the expression of C. butyricum enteropathogenicity.

infection and immunity

Experimental cecitis in gnotobiotic quails monoassociated with Clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and from healthy newborns