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Escherichia coli 536 (O6:K15:H31), which was isolated from a case of urinary tract infection, determines high nephropathogenicity in a rat pyelonephritis system as measured by renal bacterial counts 7 days after infection. The loss of S fimbrial adhesin formation (Sfa-) (mannose-resistant hemagglutination [Mrh-] and fimbria production [Fim-]), serum resistance (Sre-), and hemolysin production (Hly-) in the mutant 536-21 led to a dramatic reduction of bacterial counts from almost 10(5) to only 40 cells per g of kidney. The reintroduction of the cloned S fimbrial adhesin determinant (sfa) increases the virulence of the avirulent mutant strain by a factor of 20; almost the same effect was observed after restoration of serum resistance by integration of an sfa+ recombinant cosmid into the chromosome. Additional reintroduction of the Hly+ phenotype by transformation of two hly determinants increased the virulence of the strains. Hemolysin production determined increased renal elimination of leukocytes and erythrocytes. Thus all three determinants investigated, S fimbriae, serum resistance, and hemolysin, contribute to the multifactorial phenomenon of E. coli nephropathogenicity.

infection and immunity

Contribution of cloned virulence factors from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains to nephropathogenicity in an experimental rat pyelonephritis model